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Humanin: Research Overview

What is Humanin? Humanin is a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 16S rRNA region (MT-RNR2) of mitochondrial DNA. Described in the early 2000s, it was the first mitochondrial-derived peptide reported, and it appears in laboratory research on cytoprotection and cellular stress responses. It is supplied strictly for laboratory research use.
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Technical profile

CompoundHumanin (HN)
ClassMitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), 24 amino acids
Sequence originEncoded in the 16S rRNA region (MT-RNR2) of mitochondrial DNA — not the nuclear genome
First describedEarly 2000s — the first mitochondrial-derived peptide reported in the literature
Molecular weightNot stated here — see the batch Certificate of Analysis for the tested specification
Form suppliedLyophilized powder, sealed vial
StorageLyophilized: 2–8 °C, protected from light.
VerificationHPLC purity ≥99%, sterility, endotoxins, heavy metals — documented on the batch COA

What does the research literature cover?

Humanin opened the field of mitochondrial-derived peptides: its identification established that the mitochondrial genome encodes short peptides with signaling roles, and later peptides such as MOTS-c were characterised against that precedent. Published work — predominantly cell-culture and animal studies — has examined:

Important context: the humanin evidence base is predominantly preclinical, and mechanistic questions remain open. Humanin has no approved human use in any jurisdiction. Summaries here describe what researchers have studied — they are not claims about effects, safety, or efficacy in humans.

Why purity matters for Humanin research

Peptide research results are only as reliable as the material in the vial. Humanin work often relies on cell-viability and apoptosis readouts, which are precisely the assays most easily distorted by endotoxin contamination or truncated sequences carried through from synthesis. Every VP Peptides Humanin batch ships with a Certificate of Analysis documenting ≥99% HPLC purity plus sterility, endotoxin and heavy-metal testing from independent third-party testing.

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Frequently asked questions

Is Humanin approved for human use?

No. Humanin is not approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency for human use. It is supplied strictly as a research chemical for in-vitro and laboratory investigation. It is not a drug, supplement, or food ingredient.

Why is Humanin significant in mitochondrial research?

It was the first mitochondrial-derived peptide described, in the early 2000s. That finding established that the mitochondrial genome encodes short peptides beyond the classical respiratory-chain proteins, and it framed the later characterisation of peptides such as MOTS-c.

How should Humanin be stored in the lab?

Lyophilized vials should be kept at 2–8 °C and protected from light.

What does a Humanin Certificate of Analysis include?

Each batch COA documents HPLC purity against the ≥99% specification, sterility, endotoxin and heavy-metal screening results, along with batch number and test date.

A signaling peptide written into mitochondrial DNA

What sets humanin apart from most peptides examined in the laboratory is where its coding sequence sits. The 24-residue peptide is translated from a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2), making it one of the first recognized examples of a bioactive peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome rather than the nucleus. That finding reframed mitochondria as a source of signaling molecules and not only of ATP, and it established the broader category now called mitochondrial-derived peptides (Yen et al., 2013).

In preclinical systems, humanin is studied chiefly as a cytoprotective and stress-response signal. Cell-culture work has characterized its behavior in preparations challenged with oxidative stress and senescence — for example in retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to experimental oxidative insult (Sreekumar et al., 2016) — and review-level work discusses circulating humanin as a candidate age-associated marker that declines across several species (Yen et al., 2020). Related interest extends to metabolic signaling, where humanin is discussed alongside peptides such as MOTS-c in the context of insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial homeostasis.

Two cautions frame this body of work. The evidence is predominantly preclinical, and central mechanistic questions — receptor identity, physiological concentration range, and translation across species — remain actively debated. Humanin has no approved human use in any jurisdiction. The summaries here describe what investigators have reported in experimental systems; they are not statements about effects, safety, or efficacy in people, and the material supplied is a laboratory reagent only.

Selected research references

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Research use only. All products described on this page are furnished for laboratory research purposes only and are not for human or veterinary use, not for use in food or cosmetics, and not for any diagnostic or therapeutic application. Nothing on this page is medical advice or a claim of safety or efficacy in humans. Research summaries reference publicly available preclinical literature; specific citations are listed in the references above.