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AICAR: Research Overview

What is AICAR? AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a nucleoside analog — not a peptide — that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central cellular energy sensor. It has been studied extensively in preclinical models of cellular energy metabolism and exercise-mimetic signaling. It is sold strictly for laboratory research use.
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Technical profile

CompoundAICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; AICA riboside; acadesine)
ClassNucleoside analog; AMPK activator — not a peptide
Mechanism studiedTaken up by cells and phosphorylated to ZMP, an AMP mimetic that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
Molecular formulaC9H14N4O5
Molecular weight258.23 g/mol
CAS number2627-69-2
PubChem CID17513
Form suppliedPowder, sealed vial
StoragePowder: cool, dry place, protected from moisture and light, per lab protocol
VerificationHPLC purity ≥99% and identity confirmation — documented on the batch COA

What does the research literature cover?

AICAR is one of the most widely used tool compounds in cellular energy-sensing research, with decades of published preclinical work. Cell-culture and animal-model studies have examined it in the context of:

Important context: the published evidence base described here is preclinical (cell and animal models). AICAR is not approved for human use in this context, and summaries here describe what researchers have studied — they are not claims about effects in humans.

Why purity matters for AICAR research

Kinase-signaling research results are only as reliable as the material in the vial. Synthesis by-products or degradation impurities confound activation assays and downstream readouts. Every VP Peptides AICAR batch ships with a Certificate of Analysis documenting ≥99% HPLC purity and identity confirmation from independent third-party testing.

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Frequently asked questions

Is AICAR a peptide?

No. AICAR is a nucleoside analog — a ribose sugar attached to an imidazole carboxamide base — not a chain of amino acids. It is grouped with research peptides commercially because it is studied in adjacent cellular-metabolism research, but chemically it is a small-molecule nucleoside.

Is AICAR approved for human use?

No. AICAR is not approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency for general human use. It is supplied strictly as a research chemical for in-vitro and laboratory investigation. It is not a drug, supplement, or food ingredient.

What is AICAR's status in sport?

AICAR is listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), under the category of metabolic modulators. This page is informational only; athletes subject to anti-doping rules are responsible for consulting the current WADA Prohibited List.

How should AICAR be stored in the lab?

Store the powder in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture and light. Solutions should be prepared and used according to your laboratory's protocol.

The exercise-mimetic hypothesis

Much of the interest in AICAR as a tool compound traces to a single question in metabolic physiology: can pharmacological AMPK activation reproduce, at the level of gene expression, part of the transcriptional program that endurance exercise switches on in skeletal muscle? A widely cited 2008 report in Cell examined this in rodents, describing that AMPK activation intersected with the nuclear receptor PPARδ and was associated with changes in oxidative-metabolism gene signatures in muscle tissue (Narkar et al., 2008). That study is frequently referenced as the origin of the "exercise-mimetic" framing, and it positioned AICAR as a standard probe for dissecting the AMPK–PPARδ axis in preclinical work.

Two points of context matter for reading this literature. First, the findings are drawn from cell and animal systems; they describe experimental gene-expression and physiology endpoints in those models, not outcomes in people. Second, the same properties that made AICAR interesting to metabolism researchers drew the attention of anti-doping science. Analytical chemists have developed and published mass-spectrometry methods to detect AICAR and related metabolic modulators in sport doping-control samples (Pokrywka et al., 2014), reflecting its listing on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List under metabolic modulators. AICAR remains an unapproved research chemical: it is not a medicine, and nothing in this literature establishes safety or benefit in humans. For laboratories it continues to serve mainly as a reference AMPK activator for studying energy-sensing signalling in controlled in-vitro and animal-model settings.

Selected research references

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Research use only. All products described on this page are furnished for laboratory research purposes only and are not for human or veterinary use, not for use in food or cosmetics, and not for any diagnostic or therapeutic application. Nothing on this page is medical advice or a claim of safety or efficacy in humans. Research summaries reference publicly available preclinical literature; specific citations are listed in the references above.